3+2 vs Full 5-Axis Machining: Key Differences, Fixtures & Programming

In modern CNC manufacturing, 5-axis machining is one of the most powerful ways to increase part complexity, reduce setups, and improve surface quality. But not all 5-axis machining is the same.

Shops often compare 3+2 machining (positional 5-axis) with full simultaneous 5-axis machining. While both unlock multi-axis capabilities, they differ in machine requirements, CAM programming, fixtures, cycle times, and overall investment.

This guide breaks down 3+2 vs full 5-axis machining, helping you understand when each approach makes sense for your shop.

What Is 3+2 Machining?

3+2 machining, also called positional 5-axis machining, uses three linear axes (X, Y, Z) and positions two rotary axes (A, B, or C) before cutting begins. Once the part is rotated into position, machining occurs using 3-axis strategies.

What Is Full 5-Axis Machining?

Full simultaneous 5-axis machining allows all five axes to move at once during cutting. This enables the tool to maintain optimal orientation relative to the surface throughout the operation.